Recipes come in mismatched units — American cups, metric grams, gas marks. Knowing a handful of conversions (and when weight matters) keeps any recipe usable.
Volume basics
- 1 tablespoon = 3 teaspoons ≈ 15 ml.
- 1 cup = 16 tablespoons ≈ 240 ml.
- 1 fluid ounce ≈ 30 ml.
Why weight beats volume
A “cup of flour” can vary 20%+ depending on how it's scooped — which wrecks baking. Where a recipe gives grams, use a scale; it's the most reliable way to get consistent results, and it makes scaling a recipe exact.
Oven temperatures
- To convert °F to °C: subtract 32, then multiply by 5/9.
- Common: 350°F ≈ 175°C, 400°F ≈ 200°C, 425°F ≈ 220°C.
- Fan/convection ovens usually run ~20°C (25°F) hotter — drop the dial accordingly.
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Ingredient weights differ — a cup of flour and a cup of sugar aren't the same grams. When a baking recipe gives weights, always prefer them over cups.



